Political participation, politics, gender inequality, sexism, women in nigeria. Finally, i recognize the important work done by nongovernmental organizations in nigeria. Nigeria has a particularly high maternal mortality rate and women access to quality health care is limited, particularly in rural areas. Gender inequality gender inequality is not perpetuated exclusively through differential access to and control over material resources. Get free research paper on gender inequalities and women participation in politics project topics and materials in nigeria. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender. It contends that the attainment of gender equality is not only an end itself in realising human right issues, but as a prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable. The problems of gender inequality in nigeria legit. Scope of the study the essence of this research work is to primarily study gender equality in nigeria and how it can impact on national security of nigeria. Pdf introduction some customary practices that discriminate against women have been in existence even before the adventof colonialism in. It highlights the ongoing concerns about education in nigeria. System in nigeria to gender equality mainstreaming. Implications for counselling umar goni, yagana wali s.
Discrimination at work in africa discrimination in africa is characterized by sharp contrasts. Our attitude to the female gender is borne out largely of ignorance and lower state of evolution. Gender inequality has been a topical issue in academic debate in nigeria. Research and developments in sport have shown that better skilled and educated women and men could lead to interesting. This study aimed to critically analyse the specific socioeconomic and political gender issues responsible for the continuous perpetuation of gender inequality in nigeria. Religious interpretations, gender discrimination and politics in africa. There exist a wide range of inequality between men and women in attaining certain positions in nigeria. Religious interpretations, gender discrimination and.
The article explores the problematic of the experience of genderbased violence by both muslim and christian women and the question of womens rights under. In spite of the extensive discussions in various conferences, academic debate and fora the issue of gender imbalance and poor women participation in politics is. Sex or gender discrimination in employment involves treating someone unfavorably because of the persons sex, whether they are applying for a job or are a current employee. Research and developments in sport have shown that better skilled and educated women and men could lead to interesting benefits on personal, organisational and societal levels. Gender inequality and women participation in agricultural. Womens rights are part of the fundamental human rights that are recognized in international human rights treaties. An empirical study of gender discrimination and employee. However, this paper addresses the social status of women in nigeria. Challenging gender discrimination in the church the rev. The refreshed nap was launched in 2017 and will run until 2020. For a better understanding of this work, a historical approach will be employed. To further overcome the challenge of gender discrimination against women in the formal sector of employment, the federal government of nigeria put in place strategies in its policy on women employment to include.
Gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. Some of the main factors militating against womens effective participation in politics are illiteracy, poverty, money politics, instrument of intimidation, harmful. Which federal law covers sex or gender discrimination. Pdf the researcher decided to carry out this research because women have seldom been discriminated against. The roots of gender inequality in developing countries. The culture in nigeria heavily discriminates against women. Introduction gender inequality especially in the political arena is a serious challenge being faced by women in recent times. Gender inequality and rolestrained among male nursing. Furthermore, gender discrimination remains highly pervasive, from biases in the constitution, right down to workers rights, legal protections from abuse, and inheritance and land rights. Accessibility to and control over resources in both economic and political sphere is widening, hence, promoting gender equality is crucial if not necessary, a contributing factor to development. Gender inequality can further be understood through the mechanism of sexism.
Discrimination in the workplace is also forbidden by section 17 of the constitution. The discrimination against women has permeated through. For example, in traditional yoruba states, women held high. This paper explores sexism discrimination as a major factor that impoverishes the female sex in nigeria. Gender norms and stereotypes reinforce gendered identities and constrain the behaviour of women and men in ways that lead to inequality ridgeway, 2011. Using secondary data, from the nigerian bureau of statistics, the paper found that gender discrimination exists in all variable indicators considered. There was a time in nigeria when women were campaigning for a chance to vote and eventually, there come the universal adult suffrage that. Though history has it that fewer women have been in power even before colonialism. Persistent gender inequality in nigerian education northern.
It is often observed that the female sex is usually discriminated and alienated in all areas of life in a patriarchal society like nigeria, creating unbalanced property relations which affect economic growth and development in a masculine society. This apathy arising from gender inequality has also affected education in nigeria. Nigeria is already maximizing these resources for the advancement of the younger generation. Title vii of the civil rights act of 1964 is a federal law that protects individuals from discrimination based upon sex. Genderbased violence an analysis of the implications for. University, adoekiti, nigeria abstract gender discrimination has become a preponderant phenomenon all over the world, with particular reference to nigeria as a nation. A rightsbased and genderresponsive approach to tb responses 7 3. Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in. Gender difference in students academic performance in. Executive summary in addition to being a party to the african charter, the constitution of nigeria guarantees the fundamental rights to life, 4 respect for the dignity of the person, 5 liberty, 6 a fair and speedy trial, 7 privacy, 8 freedom of assembly and association, 9 and nondiscrimination. The facts the 1999 constitution of nigeria prohibits discrimination on the grounds of gender, but customary and religious laws continue to restrict womens rights, as nigeria is a federal republic, each state has the authority to draft its own legislation. This paper discusses gender discrimination and feminism in nigeria.
Gender imbalance in the academia in nigeria pdf paperity. Reflections on measurement and policy 1 elaine unterhalter, university college london, institute of education, chidi ezegwu, independent consultant abuja, nigeria, emma shercliff, british council, nigeria, jo heslop. Gender inequality and women participation in agricultural development in nigeria 1yemisi grace mtsor and 2p. As a result the males have dominated nigerian schools from the primary to.
The paper is a foray of issues in gender inequality in nigeria with a view to proffering solutions. In spite of the extensive discussions in various conferences, academic debate and fora the issue of gender imbalance and poor women participation in politics is still very low. The nigerian constitution requires that international treaties be domesticated before they apply in the. Gender relations and discrimination in nigeria police force. Sexual orientation and gender identity in the federal republic of nigeria under the african charter of human and peoples rights a shadow report in response to the periodic report of the federal republic of nigeria presented at the 50th ordinary session of the commission in octobernovember 2011 prepared by.
Mcmickle i serve as pastor of a black baptist congregation in cleveland, ohio that has ordained four women into christian ministry and has also ordained seven women to become deacons within that congregation. The paper aims at throwing light on gender discrimination, obstacles to gender equality and suggests strategies for promoting effective gender equality and empowerment of women. Hence, this paper offers an overview of women education in nigeria and its benefits to women, families and the society as a whole. Gender discrimination remains a problem in society as a whole and unfortunately, the nursing profession is not immune to this problem shelton, 2012. Proposing progressive changes in the nigeria police force in order to enhance gender equality and equity.
Previous studies in nigeria show that gender discrimination against men and women based on their ethnic, religious and geographical identity is common. Genderbased violence an analysis of the implications for the nigeria for women project the state and peacebuilding fund spf is a global multidonor trust fund administered by the world bank to finance critical development operations in situations of fragility, conflict, and violence. Genderbased violence an analysis of the implications for the. Programs to address gender and human rightsrelated barriers in the tb response 9 4. This is approved for students in accountancy, business, computer science, economics, engineering, arts. Abstract this paper interrogates the nexus between religion and gender with a view to explaining how. Domestic violence against women is a global issue that transcends national, cultural, racial and class boundaries. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender policy. The first chapter discusses the concepts of sex, gender and patriarchy. This is not to say that, argues agbalajobi, there was no existing element of gender inequality in traditional state and stateless societies in nigeria but the colonial order made gender discrimination more pronounced. Challenges to women involvement in nigerias development fapohunda, tinuke, m. While nigeria has acceded to a number of international instruments on the promotion and protection of womens rights, women in this country have yet to realize their rights.
Idisi abstract 1african development bank, 8 lake chad crescent, maitama, abuja 2faculty of agriculture, university of abuja, nigeria corresponding authors email. Gender discrimination and feminism in nigeria gender hub. Gender discrimination is one of the many factors militating against workforce balance and productivity in corporate organization. Gender based violence an analysis of the implications for the nigeria for women project the state and peacebuilding fund spf is a global multidonor trust fund administered by the world bank to finance critical development operations in situations of fragility, conflict, and violence. The importance, effect, causes, relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. Religious interpretations, gender discrimination and politics. In this paper, we assess gender distribution of personnel in. The national gender policy emerged due to the permissive nature of gender discrimination world wide.
Case study of nigeria chidiebere james onwutuebe department of international relations, obafemi awolowo university, ileife, nigeria. Aisha buhari, thursday called for the eradication of gender bias in the armed forces. This law makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate against individuals in hiring, firing, and other terms and conditions of employment, such as promotions, raises, and other job opportunities because of their sex. Gender inequality and women discrimination in real estate. Gender issues in development received little attention from the researchers. The section states that the state social order is founded on the ideals of freedom, equality and justice. Reflections on measurement and policy 1 elaine unterhalter, university college london, institute of education, chidi ezegwu. Employment, gender inequality, decent work, sex, gender introduction according to 2006 national population and housing census, nigeria s population was 140. Regardless of ones socioeconomic class, there are systematic gender differences in material wellbeing, although the degree. Department of industrial relations and public administration, lagos state university ojo, lagos, nigeria email. This survey, however, focuses on discrimination against women on the basis of gender and. This study evaluates the women discrimination in the real estate industry in lagos state, nigeria. Rather than trying to cover all the patterns of succession, i examine a few of the succession patterns,5 with particular reference to the discriminatory aspects under customary law. Gender discrimination remains problem in the world as a whole and unfortunately, nursing profession is not immune to this problem.
My frustration has been rooted in the fact that none of those four. Introduction gender is a primary marker of social and economic stratification and, as a result, of exclusion. While there have been major advancements against racial segregation in some countries, gender inequality remains widespread. Although women have made clear they have the ability to perform with the same skill and success in every endeavor engaged in by men, the issue of sex discrimination still. The problems of gender inequality in nigeria 2 years ago 26807 views by hannah chinasa the problems of gender inequality in nigeria has been raising on for decades, as the modern society has redefined the role of a woman, which is vastly different from what its used to be in the middle ages. Aisha buhari calls for eradication of gender bias in. It argues that only a redistributive land reform which integrates these equities can adequately address gender discrimination in land ownership, ensure womens access to land for economic empowerment and alleviate womens poverty in nigeria.
This paper attempts to examine the conceptual and material bases of patriarchy and gender inequality in nigeria, identifies dimensions of gender inequality and discrimination, and discuss sociocultural and political factors leading to discrimination. In nigeria, gender roles are manifested in social rights and entitlements in a form which denies women equal economic and political empowerment and, in particular, women right to own land. Gender difference in students academic performance in colleges of education in borno state, nigeria. Nigeria is a signatory to the committee on the elimination of discrimination against women, and launched its national action plan nap for the implementation of unscr 25 in 20 with nsrp support. Gender discrimination in land ownership and the alleviation. Gender discrimination is rejection or restriction made on the basis of socially constructed gender roles which prevents a person from relishing full human rights. Technical brief tuberculosis, gender and human rights. Or do the societies that are poor today hold certain cultural views that lead to gender inequality. Discriminatory property inheritance under customary law in. Women as endangered gender in nigeria adebayo anthony abayomi, kolawole, taiwo olabode department of sociology, federal university oyeekiti, ekiti state, nigeria.